Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct

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Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct.

Withdrawal is an essential component of classical addiction theory; it is a vital manifestation of dependence and motivates relapse. However, the traditional conceptualization of withdrawal as a cohesive collection of symptoms that emerge during drug deprivation and decline with either the passage of time or reinstatement of drug use, may be inadequate to explain scientific findings or fit with...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Nicotine & Tobacco Research

سال: 2015

ISSN: 1462-2203,1469-994X

DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv048